first way
- Motor nerve (orange part) would be embedded in the spine
- other end would be connected to the effector - most likely a muscle
- electrical impulse (nerve impulse) - carried along inside the nerve from the cell body to the synaptic knob
- travels down the long structure, known as the axon (can be up to a meter long)
- in mammals the axon is surrounded by the schwann cell (contains a big deal of fat) and forms a myelin sheath - effect is to increase the speed of nerve conduction
- one way of linking the coordinator (receptor) to the effector
second way
- endocrine system - involves the endocrine gland which produces a hormone (protein or steroid) - adrenal gland
- hormone is secreted into the blood (travels through the blood) - adrenaline into the blood
- travels through blood stream to the target tissue (organ) which it will have an effect on
- hormones can have multiple targets which bring about multiple effects
nerve impulses are fast - hormones are relatively slow
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