5.13a - Recombinant DNA

1. Plasmid 

- found in bacterial cells 

- ring of DNA, particularly small and don't carry very many genes 

2. Virus 

- has a protein shell (caspid) 

- inside - nucleac acid - DNA or RNA

- does not have any other structures such as nucleus, cytoplasm

3.  Human Chromosome 

- made of DNA 

- shown gene  is Insulin - Hormone that controls blood sugar levels

- Restriction enzyme is selected so that it can cut the DNA  and take out the Insulin

- having cut the gene --> take the plasmid and cut it with the same restriction enzyme (so it is the same jagged shape) 

- the ring structure is now broken 

- introduce into the cut plasmids, the human insulin gene 

- both the plasmid and the insulin is composed of DNA 

- plasmid then has the insulin in it 

- To complete the process DNA ligase must be added to join the DNA 

- This process of the Human gene and the plasmid DNA is known as Recombinant DNA